Cars Near 23233
Near 23233
Bighorn (8)
Laramie (3)
Black-Interior Color (16)
Express (7)
4D Crew Cab (16)
8-Cylinders (17)
Tradesman (3)
4D Extended Cab (14)
2D Regular Cab (3)
4WD/AWD (20)
Sport (3)
SLT (5)
Bed Liner (23)
6-Cylinders (16)
Remote Start (14)
20 Inch Plus Wheels (21)
Bluetooth (29)
Rear View Camera (24)
Sunroof(s) (5)
Leather Seats (5)
Used Dodge Ram 1500 black exterior in Dulles, VA
33 Matches
2017 Dodge Ram 1500 Sport in Dulles, Virginia 20165
17051891
Dodge
Ram 1500
2017
Sport
36998
46100
27420
Dulles
Dulles
Virginia
1/22/2019 1:05:13 PM
0
["singleOwner","warranty","premiumAudio","advancedFeatures"]
Dulles
4WD/AWD, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors, Rear View Camera, Navigation System
False
False
23
Available at your store - Dulles, VA
2017 Dodge
Ram 1500
$36,998*
27K miles
CarMax Dulles
Available at your store - Dulles, VA
Available at your store - Dulles, VA
Available at your store - Dulles, VA
Location: CarMax Dulles in Dulles, Virginia 20165
Description: Used 2017 Dodge Ram 1500 Sport for sale - $36,998, 27,420 miles with 4WD/AWD, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors, Rear View Camera, Navigation System
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (5 reviews)
2016 Dodge Ram 1500 Laramie in Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877
17056373
Dodge
Ram 1500
2016
Laramie
30899
45200
50298
Gaithersburg
Gaithersburg
Maryland
1/24/2019 9:07:00 AM
0
["singleOwner","premiumAudio","advancedFeatures"]
Gaithersburg
Bed Cover, 4WD/AWD, Leather Seats, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors
False
False
25
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
2016 Dodge
Ram 1500
$30,899*
50K miles
CarMax Gaithersburg
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Location: CarMax Gaithersburg in Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877
Description: Used 2016 Dodge Ram 1500 Laramie for sale - $30,899, 50,298 miles with Bed Cover, 4WD/AWD, Leather Seats, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Tan
Average Vehicle Review: (4.615 reviews)
2017 Dodge Ram 1500 SLT in Laurel, Maryland 20723
16901363
Dodge
Ram 1500
2017
SLT
22899
34800
38464
Laurel
Laurel
Maryland
2/13/2019 7:05:47 PM
0
["singleOwner"]
Laurel
Flex Fuel Vehicle, Satellite Radio Ready, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags
False
False
20
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
2017 Dodge
Ram 1500
$22,899*
38K miles
CarMax Laurel
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Location: CarMax Laurel in Laurel, Maryland 20723
Description: Used 2017 Dodge Ram 1500 SLT for sale - $22,899, 38,464 miles with Flex Fuel Vehicle, Satellite Radio Ready, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (5 reviews)
2018 Dodge Ram 1500 SLT in Laurel, Maryland 20723
16901038
Dodge
Ram 1500
2018
SLT
25998
38700
12865
Laurel
Laurel
Maryland
1/23/2019 9:06:35 AM
2
["singleOwner","newPairTires","lowMiles","warranty"]
Laurel
4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input
False
False
21
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
2018 Dodge
Ram 1500
$25,998*
12K miles
CarMax Laurel
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Location: CarMax Laurel in Laurel, Maryland 20723
Description: Used 2018 Dodge Ram 1500 SLT for sale - $25,998, 12,865 miles with 4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Gray
Average Vehicle Review: (4 reviews)
2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Bighorn in Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877
16515235
Dodge
Ram 1500
2015
Bighorn
30899
35500
24132
Gaithersburg
Gaithersburg
Maryland
12/29/2018 12:05:41 PM
0
["singleOwner","lowMilesPerYear","advancedFeatures"]
Gaithersburg
4WD/AWD, Diesel Engine, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels
False
False
22
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
2015 Dodge
Ram 1500
$30,899*
24K miles
CarMax Gaithersburg
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Location: CarMax Gaithersburg in Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877
Description: Used 2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Bighorn for sale - $30,899, 24,132 miles with 4WD/AWD, Diesel Engine, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Gray
Average Vehicle Review: (4.673 reviews)
2014 Dodge Ram 1500 Sport in Laurel, Maryland 20723
16881622
Dodge
Ram 1500
2014
Sport
32899
38300
23169
Laurel
Laurel
Maryland
12/19/2018 9:06:43 AM
0
["lowMilesPerYear","premiumAudio","advancedFeatures"]
Laurel
Luxury Package, Flex Fuel Vehicle, Bed Cover, Leather Seats, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready
False
False
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
2014 Dodge
Ram 1500
$32,899*
23K miles
CarMax Laurel
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Location: CarMax Laurel in Laurel, Maryland 20723
Description: Used 2014 Dodge Ram 1500 Sport for sale - $32,899, 23,169 miles with Luxury Package, Flex Fuel Vehicle, Bed Cover, Leather Seats, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (4.592 reviews)
2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Laramie in Frederick, Maryland 21704
16887367
Dodge
Ram 1500
2015
Laramie
31899
43000
26397
Frederick
Frederick
Maryland
1/21/2019 3:05:45 PM
0
["singleOwner","lowMilesPerYear","premiumAudio","advancedFeatures"]
Frederick
Bed Cover, Leather Seats, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors, Rear View Camera
False
False
24
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
2015 Dodge
Ram 1500
$31,899*
26K miles
CarMax Frederick
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Location: CarMax Frederick in Frederick, Maryland 21704
Description: Used 2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Laramie for sale - $31,899, 26,397 miles with Bed Cover, Leather Seats, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors, Rear View Camera
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (4.673 reviews)
2014 Dodge Ram 1500 Express in Frederick, Maryland 21704
17170731
Dodge
Ram 1500
2014
Express
24899
27200
8575
Frederick
Frederick
Maryland
2/19/2019 11:08:06 AM
0
["singleOwner","lowMiles"]
Frederick
Rear View Camera, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags, Traction Control, 20 Inch Plus Wheels
False
True
20
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
2014 Dodge
Ram 1500
$24,899*
8K miles
CarMax Frederick
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Location: CarMax Frederick in Frederick, Maryland 21704
Description: Used 2014 Dodge Ram 1500 Express for sale - $24,899, 8,575 miles with Rear View Camera, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags, Traction Control, 20 Inch Plus Wheels
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (4.592 reviews)
2018 Dodge Ram 1500 SLT in Fredericksburg, Virginia 22407
16901497
Dodge
Ram 1500
2018
SLT
23998
35000
18854
Fredericksburg
Fredericksburg
Virginia
2/14/2019 6:05:34 PM
0
["singleOwner","lowMiles","warranty"]
Fredericksburg
Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags
False
False
22
Available in Fredericksburg, VA
2018 Dodge
Ram 1500
$23,998*
18K miles
CarMax Fredericksburg
Available in Fredericksburg, VA
Available in Fredericksburg, VA
Available in Fredericksburg, VA
Location: CarMax Fredericksburg in Fredericksburg, Virginia 22407
Description: Used 2018 Dodge Ram 1500 SLT for sale - $23,998, 18,854 miles with Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Gray
Average Vehicle Review: (4 reviews)
2018 Dodge Ram 1500 SLT in Fredericksburg, Virginia 22407
16901496
Dodge
Ram 1500
2018
SLT
24998
35000
11483
Fredericksburg
Fredericksburg
Virginia
2/15/2019 9:11:46 AM
0
["lowMiles","warranty"]
Fredericksburg
Flex Fuel Vehicle, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input
False
False
22
Available in Fredericksburg, VA
2018 Dodge
Ram 1500
$24,998*
11K miles
CarMax Fredericksburg
Available in Fredericksburg, VA
Available in Fredericksburg, VA
Available in Fredericksburg, VA
Location: CarMax Fredericksburg in Fredericksburg, Virginia 22407
Description: Used 2018 Dodge Ram 1500 SLT for sale - $24,998, 11,483 miles with Flex Fuel Vehicle, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Gray
Average Vehicle Review: (4 reviews)
2013 Dodge Ram 1500 R/T in Ellicott City, Maryland 21043
16586743
Dodge
Ram 1500
2013
R/T
22899
33000
82713
Ellicott City
Ellicott City
Maryland
11/28/2018 9:06:13 AM
0
["premiumAudio","advancedFeatures"]
Ellicott City
Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Navigation System, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags
False
False
19
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
2013 Dodge
Ram 1500
$22,899*
82K miles
CarMax Ellicott City
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Location: CarMax Ellicott City in Ellicott City, Maryland 21043
Description: Used 2013 Dodge Ram 1500 R/T for sale - $22,899, 82,713 miles with Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Navigation System, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (4.64 reviews)
2014 Dodge Ram 1500 Bighorn in Fredericksburg, Virginia 22407
16806692
Dodge
Ram 1500
2014
Bighorn
26998
36800
61146
Fredericksburg
Fredericksburg
Virginia
2/13/2019 10:06:34 AM
4
["singleOwner","allNewTires","advancedFeatures"]
Fredericksburg
Bed Cover, 4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors, Rear View Camera, Navigation System
False
False
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
2014 Dodge
Ram 1500
$26,998*
61K miles
CarMax Fredericksburg
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
Location: CarMax Fredericksburg in Fredericksburg, Virginia 22407
Description: Used 2014 Dodge Ram 1500 Bighorn for sale - $26,998, 61,146 miles with Bed Cover, 4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors, Rear View Camera, Navigation System
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (4.592 reviews)
2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Express in White Marsh, Maryland 21162
16616461
Dodge
Ram 1500
2015
Express
21899
29700
48951
White Marsh
White Marsh
Maryland
12/17/2018 12:05:17 PM
4
["allNewTires"]
White Marsh
Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags
False
False
21
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
2015 Dodge
Ram 1500
$21,899*
48K miles
CarMax White Marsh
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Free Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Location: CarMax White Marsh in White Marsh, Maryland 21162
Description: Used 2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Express for sale - $21,899, 48,951 miles with Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Gray
Average Vehicle Review: (4.673 reviews)
2016 Dodge Ram 1500 Bighorn in Newark, Delaware 19711
17066366
Dodge
Ram 1500
2016
Bighorn
27998
38800
26319
Newark
Newark
Delaware
2/13/2019 7:05:47 PM
0
["singleOwner","lowMilesPerYear","warranty","advancedFeatures"]
Newark
4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors, Rear View Camera, Navigation System, Front Seat Heaters
False
False
24
Free Transfer to your store - DE to VA
2016 Dodge
Ram 1500
$27,998*
26K miles
CarMax Newark
Free Transfer to your store - DE to VA
Free Transfer to your store - DE to VA
Free Transfer to your store - DE to VA
Location: CarMax Newark in Newark, Delaware 19711
Description: Used 2016 Dodge Ram 1500 Bighorn for sale - $27,998, 26,319 miles with 4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors, Rear View Camera, Navigation System, Front Seat Heaters
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Gray
Average Vehicle Review: (4.615 reviews)
2017 Dodge Ram 1500 Bighorn in Newark, Delaware 19711
16943690
Dodge
Ram 1500
2017
Bighorn
28998
41200
20135
Newark
Newark
Delaware
2/5/2019 1:06:14 PM
0
["singleOwner","warranty","advancedFeatures"]
Newark
Flex Fuel Vehicle, 4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors, Rear View Camera, Navigation System
False
False
24
Free Transfer to your store - DE to VA
2017 Dodge
Ram 1500
$28,998*
20K miles
CarMax Newark
Free Transfer to your store - DE to VA
Free Transfer to your store - DE to VA
Free Transfer to your store - DE to VA
Location: CarMax Newark in Newark, Delaware 19711
Description: Used 2017 Dodge Ram 1500 Bighorn for sale - $28,998, 20,135 miles with Flex Fuel Vehicle, 4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors, Rear View Camera, Navigation System
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Gray
Average Vehicle Review: (5 reviews)
2016 Dodge Ram 1500 Express in Richmond, Virginia 23114
17028247
Dodge
Ram 1500
2016
Express
24998
38000
36121
Midlothian
Richmond
Virginia
2/8/2019 5:07:58 PM
0
["singleOwner"]
Richmond
4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input
False
False
20
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
2016 Dodge
Ram 1500
$24,998*
36K miles
CarMax Midlothian
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
Location: CarMax Midlothian in Richmond, Virginia 23114
Description: Used 2016 Dodge Ram 1500 Express for sale - $24,998, 36,121 miles with 4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Gray
Average Vehicle Review: (4.615 reviews)
2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Express in Harrisonburg, Virginia 22801
16353878
Dodge
Ram 1500
2015
Express
25998
35500
35729
Harrisonburg
Harrisonburg
Virginia
12/20/2018 11:05:52 AM
0
["singleOwner","lowMilesPerYear"]
Harrisonburg
4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input
False
False
21
$99 Transfer to your store - VA to VA
2015 Dodge
Ram 1500
$25,998*
35K miles
CarMax Harrisonburg
$99 Transfer to your store - VA to VA
$99 Transfer to your store - VA to VA
$99 Transfer to your store - VA to VA
Location: CarMax Harrisonburg in Harrisonburg, Virginia 22801
Description: Used 2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Express for sale - $25,998, 35,729 miles with 4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (4.673 reviews)
2016 Dodge Ram 1500 Rebel in Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17601
17153966
Dodge
Ram 1500
2016
Rebel
36998
45200
30473
Lancaster
Lancaster
Pennsylvania
2/16/2019 10:07:17 AM
0
["singleOwner","warranty","premiumAudio","advancedFeatures"]
Lancaster
Bed Cover, 4WD/AWD, Adjustable Suspension, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors
False
False
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
2016 Dodge
Ram 1500
$36,998*
30K miles
CarMax Lancaster
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
Location: CarMax Lancaster in Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17601
Description: Used 2016 Dodge Ram 1500 Rebel for sale - $36,998, 30,473 miles with Bed Cover, 4WD/AWD, Adjustable Suspension, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Parking Sensors
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (4.615 reviews)
2017 Dodge Ram 1500 Express in Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17601
17105194
Dodge
Ram 1500
2017
Express
24998
34200
30949
Lancaster
Lancaster
Pennsylvania
2/16/2019 10:07:17 AM
0
["singleOwner","warranty"]
Lancaster
Flex Fuel Vehicle, 4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Running Boards
False
False
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
2017 Dodge
Ram 1500
$24,998*
30K miles
CarMax Lancaster
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
Location: CarMax Lancaster in Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17601
Description: Used 2017 Dodge Ram 1500 Express for sale - $24,998, 30,949 miles with Flex Fuel Vehicle, 4WD/AWD, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Bed Liner, Running Boards
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Gray
Average Vehicle Review: (5 reviews)
2017 Dodge Ram 1500 Sport in Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17601
17104690
Dodge
Ram 1500
2017
Sport
33998
44100
40822
Lancaster
Lancaster
Pennsylvania
2/17/2019 9:05:11 AM
4
["singleOwner","allNewTires","premiumAudio","advancedFeatures"]
Lancaster
Sport Package, 4WD/AWD, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Navigation System
False
False
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
2017 Dodge
Ram 1500
$33,998*
40K miles
CarMax Lancaster
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - PA to VA
Location: CarMax Lancaster in Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17601
Description: Used 2017 Dodge Ram 1500 Sport for sale - $33,998, 40,822 miles with Sport Package, 4WD/AWD, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready, Rear View Camera, Navigation System
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (5 reviews)
2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Laramie in Richmond, Virginia 23114
15937236
Dodge
Ram 1500
2015
Laramie
31998
46100
42367
Midlothian
Richmond
Virginia
5/23/2018 12:05:19 PM
0
["singleOwner","premiumAudio"]
Richmond
Bed Cover, 4WD/AWD, Diesel Engine, Leather Seats, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready
False
False
22
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
2015 Dodge
Ram 1500
$31,998*
42K miles
CarMax Midlothian
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
Free Transfer to your store - VA to VA
Location: CarMax Midlothian in Richmond, Virginia 23114
Description: Used 2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Laramie for sale - $31,998, 42,367 miles with Bed Cover, 4WD/AWD, Diesel Engine, Leather Seats, Alpine Sound System, Satellite Radio Ready
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (4.673 reviews)
2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Bighorn in Salisbury, Maryland 21801
16415773
Dodge
Ram 1500
2015
Bighorn
22899
33300
54422
Salisbury
Salisbury
Maryland
10/31/2018 3:05:33 PM
0
[]
Salisbury
Satellite Radio Ready, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags, Traction Control
False
False
20
$99 Transfer to your store - MD to VA
2015 Dodge
Ram 1500
$22,899*
54K miles
CarMax Salisbury
$99 Transfer to your store - MD to VA
$99 Transfer to your store - MD to VA
$99 Transfer to your store - MD to VA
Location: CarMax Salisbury in Salisbury, Maryland 21801
Description: Used 2015 Dodge Ram 1500 Bighorn for sale - $22,899, 54,422 miles with Satellite Radio Ready, Bed Liner, Alloy Wheels, Auxiliary Audio Input, Overhead Airbags, Traction Control
Transmission: Automatic
Color:Black
Interior Color: Black
Average Vehicle Review: (4.673 reviews)
This price does not include tax, title, and tags. Additional fees may also apply depending on the state of purchase.